Hong X., Zhakiyev N., Yedilkhan D., Khani A., Mohammadzadeh A., Zhang C.
A Virtual-Structure-Based Type-3 Fuzzy System for Predictive Sensor and Actuator Fault Detection, Compensation, and Control in Nonlinear Systems // Scientific Reports. — 2026. — Vol. 16. — Article No. 7153. — DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38456-0.

Abstract: This paper presents an active fault-tolerant control strategy for a class of nonlinear systems subject to both actuator and sensor faults. The system dynamics are assumed to be completely unknown, and only measured outputs and applied control inputs are used for system identification, treating the system as a black-box model. The proposed control framework consists of three integrated subsystems. The first subsystem uses a Type-3 fuzzy logic system to model unknown nonlinear dynamics, combined with a model predictive controller and an adaptive stabilizing unit. The second subsystem performs sensor fault diagnosis and compensation using two Type-3 fuzzy estimators and a supervisory module generating corrective signals proportional to the detected fault magnitude. The third subsystem is a virtual structure including a virtual sensor, virtual actuator, Type-3 fuzzy identifier, virtual model predictive controller, virtual fault detection unit, adaptive compensator, and supervisory mechanism.

Link / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-38456-0